Products
Size and Flow Characteristics
Although throughout this website rectangular penstock/sluice gates are generally indicated as having a square orifice, in practice many of the units supplied are either wider than they are deep or vice versa. Therefore, below are the preferred proportions for units of this type. For rectangular openings “B.E.W.A. recommended ratio of width to depth should be as follows.
The aperture size and configuration of a penstock is frequently determined by the dimension proportions of the waterway it is required to control.
A penstock is however, a constituent part of the waterway and it’s hydraulic Characteristics cannot be always being ignored when calculations are undertaken to determine a system for head loss.
Where gates are fully submerged they generally behave in a manner predicted by the discharge theory for an orifice with typical overall velocity and contraction coefficients of 0.70.
The discharge capacity of the frame aperture at varying stages of opening can therefore be closely approximated from:-
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When it is required to relate a penstock to an equivalent length of pipework for integration into an overall hydraulic calculation this can be found from:-
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| Door Setting | open | ¼ open | ½ open | ¼ open |
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| F.Factor | 6 | 40 | 200 | 800 |
*B.E.W.A. British Effluent & Water Association